Japan, 1900-1910

HIS 187

Previously

• US policy developed under the UK umbrella

• US policy aims at “annexation of trade”

• Annexation of territory is in service to trade

• Trade and territory require military build-up

Drivers of foreign policy

The US as a Pacific Power

rland_a |>
  ggplot() +
  theme(
    panel.background = element_rect(fill = "aliceblue", color = NA)
  ) +
  geom_sf(fill = "antiquewhite1", color = "burlywood3") +
  geom_sf(data = st_buffer(rland_a, -6000), linewidth = 0.6, fill = NA, color = alpha("burlywood3", 0.4)) +
  geom_sf(data = st_buffer(rland_a, 6000), linewidth = 0.4, fill = NA, color = alpha(c("lightblue"), 0.7)) +
  geom_sf_text(data = us_places, aes(label = name), color = "chocolate4", size = 3) +
  labs(
    title = "HIS 187---SELECTED US TERRITORIES, 1900",
    caption = my_cap
  ) -> p
p

The black ships

Gunboat diplomacy, 1853

Japan, circa 1900

China at about 1900

• Japan in Formosa

• Britain in India, Burma

• Russia in Manchuria

• France in Indochina

• the United States in the Philippines

Boxer uprising, 1899–1900

The US, Japan, and the Open Door

equal treatment in trade and navigation for the commerce and industry of the United States and all other nations

USA

the monopoly of interests in China by a few powers will be eliminated and the territorial integrity of China will be preserved

Japan

Across the Pacific

• militarization of Japanese civil service

• Japanese opposition to the open door

• Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1902

Russo-Japanese War, 1905

Unpopular peace

Vital interest or Achilles’s Heel

p